debian11安装最新mysql5.7 + php8.2 +nginx1.23+lent`s自动SSL

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mysql参考了这篇文章 https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44071721/article/details/124450528

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在使用mysql8的时候，发现很多地方有了改进，不如5.7用的习惯，于是想尽一切办法切回5.7.

这里记录一下，debian安装5.7的步骤。

官网下载地址:

https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/
1.下载 mysql-server_5.7.32-1debian10_amd64.deb-bundle.tar

2.解压 tar xvf mysql-server_5.7.35-1debian10_amd64.deb-bundle.tar

3.准备安装

 sudo apt-get update
 sudo apt-get upgrade
 sudo apt-get install libsuma1

4.开始安装（需要按照顺序）

 sudo dpkg -i mysql-common_5.7.35-1debian10_amd64.deb 
 sudo dpkg-preconfigure mysql-community-server_5.7.35-1debian10_amd64.deb 

提示输入root密码

输入后继续执行下面命令

sudo dpkg -i libmysqlclient20_5.7.35-1debian10_amd64.deb 
sudo dpkg -i libmysqlclient-dev_5.7.35-1debian10_amd64.deb 
sudo dpkg -i libmysqld-dev_5.7.35-1debian10_amd64.deb 
sudo dpkg -i mysql-community-client_5.7.35-1debian10_amd64.deb 

如果提示缺少libaio1就安装上，不提示就继续
sudo apt-get install libaio1

继续
sudo dpkg -i mysql-community-client_5.7.35-1debian10_amd64.deb 
sudo dpkg -i mysql-client_5.7.35-1debian10_amd64.deb 
sudo dpkg -i mysql-common_5.7.35-1debian10_amd64.deb 

安装依赖包
sudo apt-get -f install
sudo apt-get -f install libmecab2

安装mysql-server
sudo dpkg -i mysql-community-server_5.7.35-1debian10_amd64.deb 
sudo dpkg -i mysql-server_5.7.35-1debian10_amd64.deb 

5.安装完毕，执行mysql

注意，如果出现如下错误

ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (40)

请先启动mysql服务,可执行如下命令

/etc/init.d/mysql start
此时再去使用mysql

zhw@debian:~$ mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

安装成功。

6.启动，停止，重启

$sudo service mysql start

$ sudo service mysql stop
$ sudo service mysql restart

7.卸载（参考)

$ sudo apt-get --purge remove mysql-server
$ sudo apt-get --purge remove mysql-client
$ sudo apt-get --purge remove mysql-common
​
最后再通过下面的命令清理残余
$ sudo apt-get autoremove
$ sudo apt-get autoclean
$ sudo rm /etc/mysql/ -R
$ sudo rm /var/lib/mysql/ -R

============================= 正文内容=========================

一、下载安装程序

wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-server_5.7.36-1debian10_amd64.deb-bundle.tar
二、程序解压

tar -xvf mysql-server_5.7.36-1debian10_amd64.deb-bundle.tar
三、依次依赖程序

apt install psmisc libaio1 libnuma1 libatomic1 libmecab2
四、安装MySQL程序（需要按照顺序依次安装）

dpkg -i mysql-common_5.7.35-1debian10_amd64.deb
dpkg -i mysql-community-client_5.7.35-1debian10_amd64.deb
dpkg -i mysql-client_5.7.35-1debian10_amd64.deb
dpkg -i mysql-community-server_5.7.35-1debian10_amd64.deb
# 期间会提示输入密码, 并确认密码
dpkg -i mysql-server_5.7.35-1debian10_amd64.deb
五、修改相关配置

# 1.允许远程访问, 修改bind-address的值为0.0.0.0
# 2.配置数据库默认字符集，新增参数character-set-server=utf8
vim /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf

bind-address =  0.0.0.0
character-set-server=utf8

# 配置客户端默认字符集，新增参数default-character-set=utf8
vim /etc/mysql/conf.d/mysql.cnf

default-character-set=utf8

# 执行赋权语句并刷新生效,在进入mysql环境后执行！
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '密码' WITH GRANT OPTION;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

# 查看字符集
show variables like '%character%';
六、配置定时备份任务（定时备份参考示例）

#!/bin/bash
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
#数据库用户名
db_user=root
#数据库密码
db_password=********
#数据库名称
db_name=db_name
#备份存放路径
backup_dir=/var/data_backup
#备份命名所使用的日期格式
date=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)
#导出备份
mysqldump -u$db_user -p$db_password $db_name>$backup_dir/$db_name$date.sql
#对备份进行压缩：
mysqldump -u$db_user -p$db_password $db_name  gzip >$backup_dir/$db_name$date.sql.gz

安装最新php

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sudo apt install curl wget gnupg2 ca-certificates lsb-release apt-transport-https
sudo wget -O /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/php.gpg https://packages.sury.org/php/apt.gpg 
sudo sh -c 'echo "deb https://packages.sury.org/php/ $(lsb_release -sc) main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/php.list'
apt install php php-mysql php-fpm php-xml php8.2-curl php8.2-zip php8.2-imagick php8.2-mbstring php8.2-zip php8.2-gd php8.2-intl
nano /etc/php/8.2/fpm/pool.d/www.conf
# listen = /run/php/php8.2-fpm.sock  =>  listen = 127.0.0.1:9000

下面这些选项统一加10倍

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nano /etc/php/8.2/fpm/php.ini
upload_max_filesize
post_max_size
max_execution_time
max_input_time

安装最新的nginx

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echo "deb http://nginx.org/packages/debian/ bullseye nginx" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list
echo "deb-src http://nginx.org/packages/debian/ bullseye nginx" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list
wget http://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key && apt-key add nginx_signing.key
apt update
apt install nginx
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nano /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

修改以下内容

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user  www-data;
http {
    server_tokens off;
    gzip  on;
    client_max_body_size 20m;
}

nginx 开启php支持

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location ~ \.php$ {
        root           html;
        fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index  index.php;
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /www/index$fastcgi_script_name;
        include        fastcgi_params;
    }

网站目录要给www-data权限

certbot自动SSL证书

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sudo snap install core; sudo snap refresh core
sudo snap install --classic certbot
sudo ln -s /snap/bin/certbot /usr/bin/certbot
自动配置证书nginx.conf
sudo certbot --nginx
手动配置证书nginx.conf
sudo certbot certonly --nginx
手动申请证书
sudo certbot certonly --webroot -w 网站目录 -d 域名
申请通配符域名
certbot certonly -d "*.332b.cn" -d 332b.cn --manual --preferred-challenges dns-01 --server https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory
测试续签证书是否正常
sudo certbot renew --dry-run

设置定时任务

crontab -e